Since 2008, Law No. 17 of 2008 on Shipping, which was subsequently amended by Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (collectively referred to as “Law 17/2008”), has served as Indonesia’s umbrella framework for shipping activities and addresses various matters that range from maritime transportation to the protection of marine environments in Indonesian waters.[1] However, various issues and problems have been identified throughout the enforcement of this framework, including issues that relate to the following areas:[2]
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