Overview

Information inevitably serves as a key commodity in today’s marketplace, as businesses, governments and the general public become increasingly reliant on its consumption and operate in ever more information-dense environments in comparison with their counterparts of just a few decades ago.^[1] As a result of this phenomenon, information and data itself are also prone to various legal issues that include data breaches and fraud.^[2]

However, ensuring that electronic information or data is secure in today’s digital world is not always as easy as it sounds and indeed, the number of global cyber incidents recorded in mid-2022 increased by a total of 42% over the total of incidents recorded during 2021.^[3] The National Cyber and Crypto Agency (Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara – “BSSN”) has affirmed that Indonesia suffered a total of 976,429,996 cyber-attacks in 2022 alone, which mostly comprised malware and data breach incidents.^[4]